ABSTRACT
Objective: Jo determine the effect of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on circulatory resis-tin and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1] levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] patients
Subjects and Methods: This was a 10-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of n-3 PUFAs [2,700 mg/day] versus placebo [soft gels containing 900 mg of edible paraffin]. Forty-four T2DM patients were supplemented with n-3 PUFAs and another 44 patients received placebo (3 patients discontinued the trial]. Serum resistin, MCP-1, and the lipid profile were measured before and after supplementation. The adi-ponectin-resistin index [1 + Iog[10] [resistin] - Iog10 [adiponec-tin]] and atherogenic index [Iog[10] triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol] of plasma [an indicator of cardiovascular complications] were assessed. The independent Student t test was used to assess the differences between the supplement and placebo groups and the paired f test to analyze the before/after changes
Results: In this study, n-3 PUFAs reduced serum MCP-1 levels [from 260.5 to 230.5 pg/ ml_;p = 0.002], but they remained unchanged in the placebo group, n-3 PUFAs could not decrease serum resistin levels. The adiponectin-resistin index was significantly reduced after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs when compared to theplacebo. The atherogenic index was also significantly improved after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs [from 1.459 to 1.412; p = 0.006]
Conclusions: The MCP-1 levels and lipid profile were improved after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs, but resistin serum levels were not changed. Hence, the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs might be mediated by targeting MCP-1
ABSTRACT
<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids can alter the inflammatory response in diabetic patients. This study aimed to determine the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-2 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 84 subjects aged 45-85 years with at least a two-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants were randomly assigned to the treatment or control group. Each subject in the treatment group received three omega-3 capsules per day (eicosapentaenoic acid 1,548 mg; docosahexaenoic acid 828 mg; other omega-3 fatty acids 338 mg), while each subject in the control group received three placebo capsules (sunflower oil 2,100 mg) for a period of eight weeks. At the beginning of the study and post intervention, fasting blood samples were taken and serum concentrations of IL-2, TNF-α and CRP were assessed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum IL-2 and TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in the treatment group compared to the controls (p < 0.01). There was no significant change in serum CRP levels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Short-term omega-3 fatty acid supplementation (3 g/day for eight weeks) can decrease the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-2 in diabetic patients, with no change in CRP levels. Consumption of omega-3 fatty acid supplements is highly recommended to alleviate inflammation caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p>